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简述托马斯⸱阿奎那的自然法

Natural law is an idea that Aquinas inherits from ancient Greek and Roman stoicism, for whom the universe exhibited a rational order discernible by reason. However, Aquinas adds that this rational order of the universe is a result of a divine creative act, giving expression to God’s eternal law and providence over creation. According to Aquinas, the natural law for human beings is a participation of human beings as rational creatures in this eternal law of God; in virtue of that participation as rational creatures, human beings are “provident over themselves and others.” The natural law bears upon the fundamental inclinations of being human, inclinations that direct human beings to properly human actions and ends. While God’s creative act provides an ontological explanation for the existence and character of the natural law, epistemic access to the existence of God is not presupposed to our practical knowledge of the natural law, which may be known to all human beings.

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  John O'Callaghan

  圣母大学哲学系

  副教授

  John O'Callaghan教授从圣母大学获得哲学博士学位。他是圣母大学哲学系的一员，并担任圣母大学雅克⸱马里坦中心的主任。

试析托马斯⸱阿奎那的法哲学思想结构与意涵

I. Introduction - Methodology 1. Framework - an overview of basic literature, basic concepts, and basic academic sources 2. Theology and philosophy as the metaphysical foundations of Aquinas' philosophy of law and political thought on the State II. Aquinas' Philosophy of Law and Political Thought on the State 1. Framework - from philosophy of theology to philosophy of law 1.1 Natural reason as the foundation of natural law 1.2 Theological and ethical foundations of natural law and political thought on the State 1.3 Philosophy of theology as a metaphysical demonstration of human freedom 1.4 Practical philosophy as a demonstration of natural ethics and positive law 2. Essence of philosophy of law and political thought on the State in the framework of philosophy of theology 2.1 lex aeterna as the source, purpose, and ultimate guarantee of all laws 2.2 lex naturalis as a direct product of natural reason 2.3 lex humana as the law established by humans 2.4 lex divina as the law of the covenant 2.5 Relationship between natural law and divine law in the historical dimension 2.6 Justice and its three forms 2.7 Ethics and political philosophy and political thought on the State III. Conclusion

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  徐龙飞

  北京大学哲学系、宗教学系

  任教

  1980-1987： 北京师范大学历史系、史学所，学士、硕士学位 1987-1989： 北京师范大学史学所，助教 1990-2003： 联邦德国波恩大学，博士学位 2003-2005：北京大学哲学系、宗教学系，博士后 2005-至今：北京大学哲学系、宗教学系，任教

阿奎那自然法思想中善与恶的等级

Aquinas' natural law thought contains a set of basic goodness, such as survival, reproduction, and the pursuit of truth, so is there a hierarchical relationship among these goodnesses? If so, how did Aquinas construct this hierarchical relationship? Similarly, Aquinas differentiated different types of sins, each with a different degree of severity. How is this degree of severity prescribed by Aquinas? Is there an inherent connection between the hierarchy of good and the hierarchy of evil or sin? This lecture attempts to give a preliminary answer to these questions through a close examination of the relevant texts of Aquinas.

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  归伶昌

  华中科技大学哲学学院

  讲师

  归伶昌，2020年毕业于德国科隆大学哲学系托马斯研究所（Thomas Institut），获哲学博士学位。现任华中科技大学哲学学院讲师。 研究领域：主攻阿奎那思想，重点研究阿奎那的伦理学（特别是行动理论）、自然法理论、灵魂论，关注其与同时代其它中世纪哲学家、与亚里士多德和与阿拉伯传统之间的关系，同时关注其基督宗教背景。因而研究兴趣亦兼涉古希腊哲学、中世纪阿拉伯哲学与宗教思想和中世纪的其它哲学思想。